Some would say it is a model of an atom. Some would say it is a model of a 'Neon atom', because it has 10 electrons. It could also be one of several ions, since we don't know the number of protons.
Anyway, the point is that these representations in a model allow us to think about a model and various natural phenomena that are associated with the model in a certain way. Can you explain what this model could be useful for?